by Gloria Spotti Hinch McNamara – EventsCom.Org
Unveiling the Hidden Gems of Roman Castles
For history enthusiasts, embarking on a journey to discover the lesser-known wonders of the Roman Castles region can be truly captivating. Remarkably, even many Italians remain unfamiliar with the enchanting charm that this area has to offer.
Nature’s Protective Embrace
Stretching from the northern expanse to the southern horizon, this picturesque region, graced by volcanic hills, naturally safeguards the urban sprawl of Rome from the brisk winds descending from the nearby Apennine Mountains. Nestled within this protective embrace lies the magnificent “Parco dei Castelli Romani,” a sanctuary that comprises 15 out of 16 municipalities.
Velletri: A Charming Gateway
Among these municipalities, Velletri, the largest of them all, shares its borders with the park and boasts its own captivating “borghi” or communities. Remarkably, the population of Velletri is approximately equal to that of Venice. The entire region falls within the province of Rome.
A Mythological Odyssey
According to ancient history and legends, this region played a pivotal role in the mythological journey of Aeneas. Fleeing from the fall of Troy with his father and son to the Greeks, their odyssey led them to the serene shores of Lavinium. This is where they initially settled, atop the first hill they encountered, known as Lanuvium. Today, Lanuvium stands as a picturesque “borgo” with ancient pathways and breathtaking sea views from its hills.
Unearthing the Past
Recent archaeological discoveries have unveiled the supposed location of Aeneas’ Necropolis, a site that can now be visited, albeit with special permits due to ongoing excavations. From this point, the rest, as they say, is history.
A Tapestry of Ancestry
Legend has it that Aeneas and his descendants intermingled with local leagues from the so-called “Colli Albani” (Alban Hills). It is here that the famous tale of the twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, is said to have unfolded. The entire crew eventually descended to the plains of Rome and founded the city. However, they never forgot their origins and built their summer retreats and country homes on the surrounding hills.
A Gastronomic Paradise
The mild and pleasant climate made the region ideal for cultivating grapes, olives, and various fruits, as well as raising sheep, goats, and pigs. The area is renowned for its Pecorino Romano cheese and other goat cheeses, as well as delectable pork products like the famous Porchetta of Ariccia, local salamis, and ham sausages.
A Legacy of Aristocracy
The most esteemed Roman patrician families and notable figures like Cicero, Seneca, and Cato the Younger built villas in this area, and the remains of these villas are still visible today. During summer retreats, guests were treated to sumptuous feasts featuring “garum and honey wines.” Two Roman emperors even maintained a fleet of boats on the region’s lakes, with two impressive vessels discovered at the bottom of Lake Nemi, now on display at the Museo delle Navi.
A Renaissance of Elegance
In subsequent centuries, Roman aristocrats expanded their dominion and prestige by erecting splendid palaces and castles during the Renaissance and Baroque eras. Renowned architects and painters, including Bernini, Borromini, and Maderna, were called upon to create these architectural marvels. Many churches and basilicas were constructed, some atop ancient abbeys or early Christian churches. Among these, St. Thomas in Castel Gandolfo is especially noteworthy.
The Vatican’s Summer Haven
When the Papal State ruled over Central Italy, the Vatican selected this region as its summer residence. To this day, the area remains under Vatican jurisdiction, featuring marvelous gardens, the main palace, an observatory, and more. The Abbey of San Nilo, home to Greek Orthodox traditions, adds to the region’s cultural richness.
A Glimpse of Ancient Traditions
Additionally, the region boasts the ancient traditions of Basilian Monks who settled here in the 11th century. The Santa Maria Church and Museum are essential visits for those interested in Greek Orthodox rituals.
Legends and History Interwoven
In the Roman Castles, you’ll find a rich tapestry of legends, history, and culture, from the worship of Greek-Roman deities to the holy images gracing the region’s churches and basilicas. The legacy of prominent Roman families like Savelli, Barberini, Chigi, Altieri, and others endures, with their palaces transformed into museums or retained as palatial residences, open to visitors.
Celestial Observatories
The region also hosts two notable observatories, including the planetarium in Monte Porzio Catone. And approximately 40 active cultural associations that offer thematic visits, spanning nature, history, geology, naturalistic experiences, sports, archaeology, family-friendly activities, trekking, canoeing on lakes, and exploration of hidden waterways.
A Walk Through History
Lastly, the area’s historical significance is underscored by the presence of the ancient Via Appia, which remains visible. And the Archaeological Park of Appia Antica, extending 21/22 km from Frattocchie in Marino to the heart of Rome, with a pedestrian-friendly section, perfect for biking. The famous Via Francigena also passes through this captivating region.
The Roman Castles: A Treasure Trove
In a near-perfect circle, the Roman Castles crown the hills to the west, southwest, and south. The eastern side marked by volcanic hills hosting observatories and a scientific research center accessible by invitation. The towns and municipalities within this circle include Monte Porzio Catone, Frascati, Grottaferrata, Marino, Castel Gandolfo, Albano Laziale, Ariccia, Genzano di Roma, Lanuvio, Lariano, Nemi, Rocca di Papa, Rocca Priora, and Monte Compatri. This region offers not only historical richness but also natural beauty, with lakes, hills, lush forests, and fascinating geological features.
A Legacy of Ancient Paths
The Roman Castles are a treasure trove of history and natural beauty. With the legacy of legends and civilizations waiting to be explored at every turn. In future discussions, we will delve into the specific areas and borghi that add to the region’s allure.